In the past, you need modify rtc_api.c in mbed-dev source code. From this revision, you can just use RTC function all of conditions (Normal, Reset, Stand-by, Power OFF).

Note

From now on, you do NOT need any modification for mbed-dev library because STM team updates rtc_api.c source code and support RTC function under reset & standby condition includes power off condition (You need additional VBAT back-up hardware).

Please refer following NOTE information.
/users/kenjiArai/notebook/nucleo-series-rtc-control-under-power-onoff-and-re/

Revision:
10:806cfec92eb6
Child:
11:2e514d955a2b
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mbed-os.lib	Sat Jul 18 22:46:14 2020 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
+https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-os/#3ab72c71b75cb9cb91160a54fba22ec43b036ed2